What Is Chargeable Weight?
In air freight, shipping costs are not based only on the physical weight of the cargo. Airlines charge according to the chargeable weight, which is the higher of:
- Actual weight: the gross weight of the cargo including packaging
- Volumetric (dimensional) weight: a calculated weight based on the cargo's volume
This method ensures fair pricing, as bulky but lightweight shipments still occupy valuable aircraft space.
How Volumetric Weight Is Calculated
The volumetric weight is calculated using the standard IATA formula:
Volumetric weight (kg) = (Length × Width × Height in cm) ÷ 6000
Example:
A shipment measuring 100 × 80 × 60 cm has a volumetric weight of 80 kg.
If its actual weight is 65 kg, the chargeable weight will be 80 kg.
Understanding Tarification in Air Freight
Tarification refers to the pricing structure applied to air cargo shipments. Air freight tariffs are influenced by factors such as:
- Distance and destination
- Cargo type and handling requirements
- Market demand and capacity
- Service level and transit time
Tarification includes:
- A base freight rate (per kilogram)
- Applicable surcharges and fees
- Rates may vary by airline, route, and season
Types of Air Freight Rates
Common air freight rate categories include:
General Cargo Rate (GCR)
For standard, non-special cargo shipments.
Specific Commodity Rate (SCR)
Discounted rates for certain goods such as perishables, pharmaceuticals, or textiles.
Class Rates
Higher rates for special cargo such as dangerous goods, live animals, or valuables.
Minimum Charge
A fixed minimum amount for small shipments to cover handling costs.
Common Air Freight Surcharges
In addition to the base rate, the following charges may apply:
- Fuel surcharge: Adjusts for fluctuating fuel prices
- Security surcharge: Covers enhanced security screening
- Terminal handling charges: For cargo processing at airports
- Dangerous goods surcharge: If applicable for hazardous materials
- Peak season surcharge: During high-demand periods
These additional costs should always be considered when estimating air freight expenses.
Why Chargeable Weight and Tarification Matter
Understanding these concepts helps businesses:
✅ Optimize packaging and reduce volumetric weight
✅ Accurately forecast shipping costs
✅ Select the most cost-effective transport solutions
✅ Avoid disputes and unexpected charges
Conclusion
Chargeable weight and tarification are essential elements of air freight pricing. By billing based on both weight and volume, airlines ensure efficient use of aircraft capacity.
A clear understanding of these principles helps businesses manage logistics costs while maintaining fast and reliable delivery.